![]() ![]() These include theories of mixed government and of civic virtue. There is no single written expression or definition from this era that exactly corresponds with a modern understanding of the term "republic" but most of the essential features of the modern definition are present in the works of Plato, Aristotle, and Polybius. Consequently, political theory until relatively recently often used republic in the general sense of "regime". Traditionally, the Greek concept of " politeia" was rendered into Latin as res publica. ![]() In Ancient Greece, several philosophers and historians analysed and described elements we now recognize as classical republicanism. In Europe, it gained enormous influence through the French Revolution and through the First French Republic of 1792–1804. The concept of a republic became a powerful force in Britain's North American colonies, where it contributed to the American Revolution. Republics recurred subsequently, with, for example, Renaissance Florence or early modern Britain. This form of government in the Roman state collapsed in the latter part of the 1st century BCE, giving way to what was a monarchy in form, if not in name. ![]() The word "republic" derives from the Latin noun-phrase res publica (public thing), which referred to the system of government that emerged in the 6th century BCE following the expulsion of the kings from Rome by Lucius Junius Brutus and Collatinus. This is the approach that may best be described to apply to republican thinkers such as Niccolò Machiavelli (as evident in his Discourses on Livy), John Adams, and James Madison. Rather than being ideological, this approach focuses on applying a scientific methodology to the problems of governance through the rigorous study and application of past experience and experimentation in governance. As the republican thinker and second president of the United States John Adams stated in the introduction to his famous A Defense of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America, the "science of politics is the science of social happiness" and a republic is the form of government arrived at when the science of politics is appropriately applied to the creation of a rationally designed government. Republicanism may also refer to the non-ideological scientific approach to politics and governance. It has had different definitions and interpretations which vary significantly based on historical context and methodological approach. Historically, it ranges from the rule of a representative minority or oligarchy to popular sovereignty. The Matrix's complex, modern twist on existential awakening is so heady that it still fries viewers' circuit boards today.Republicanism is a political ideology centered on citizenship in a state organized as a republic. And there's Morpheus, who shares his name with the Greek god of dreams-just as he assists Neo, and the rest of the human race, in waking up from theirs. This also extends to the character of Trinity (another biblical reference, this time to the three-part Holy Trinity), as she's part of a mainly-three-person team with Morpheus and Neo. The level of intricacy in The Matrix's symbolism is astounding, and it certainly doesn't end with Neo. And, in ancient Greek, "andros" is a form of the word "man." This means that the last name Anderson ("andros-son") is effectively dubbing Neo the "son of man," which is another Christ-like reference. In Greek, "neo-" is a prefix meaning "new," just as his character is a new version of himself, looking to help forge a new world. And the meaningful name layers don't stop there! Thomas means "twin" in both Greek and Hebrew, again paralleling how Neo is both his original self and The One. And, of course, there's the actual name Neo.
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